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| Swede steriliseer vir rassesuiwerheid [boodskap #21692] |
Fri, 12 March 1999 00:00  |
Leendert van Oostrum
Boodskappe: 1880
Geregistreer: July 2000
Karma: 0
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Senior Lid |
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Robbert,
Kyk bietjie hierna. Ek verwelkom enige kritiek van die bronne, of ander
bronne wat die teendeel toon:
Sweden Painfully Re-examining Past Sterilization Program
Copyright © 1997 Nando.net
Copyright © 1997 The Associated Press
STOCKHOLM, Sweden (August 25, 1997 6:58 p.m. EDT) -- They were found to be
"inferior," flawed by mental retardation, bad eyesight or "undesirable"
racial characteristics. To prevent this genetic heritage from being passed
on, they were sterilized -- sometimes involuntarily.
Sweden had as many as 60,000 of its own citizens sterilized between 1935 and
1976. Adults and children were singled out by doctors, school authorities or
other officials and were pressured to consent to the procedures.
This sterilization program bore chilling similarities to Nazi ideas of
racial superiority -- and media reports on it now are provoking sober
self-examination.
The program stemmed from the pursuit of eugenics, a once-popular movement to
improve humanity by controlling genetic factors in reproduction.
Though Sweden's sterilization program was a matter of record, it received
little public attention, ignored in schoolbooks and hardly mentioned in
reference works. A recent series by the prestigious newspaper "Dagens
Nyheter," however, has stirred national debate.
Especially shocking to many Swedes is the fact that the law allowing the
sterilizations wasn't overturned until 1976, three decades after the Nazis'
human engineering policies collapsed in the rubble of the Third Reich.
The sterilizations targeted a wide range of people: those of mixed race;
unmarried mothers with several children; people judged to be habitual
criminals; even a boy considered "sexually precocious."
"Grounds for recommending sterilization: unmistakable Gypsy features,
psychopathy, vagabond life," reads one document cited by "Dagens Nyheter."
Maria Nordin, 72, told the newspaper she had been sterilized in 1943 because
she was regarded as mentally inferior.
"One day, the (school) superintendent said I should come into his room to
sign some papers. I understood what this was about so I ran into a toilet
and sat there and cried for a long time for myself," she said.
Sweden, with its well-developed welfare state and long-standing progressive
stances on social issues, is not accustomed to being on the defensive on
ethical issues.
"This is a frightening picture that now is being shown to the Swedish
people," Alf Svensson, chairman of the opposition Christian Democratic
Party, said in a letter to Prime Minister Goeran Persson.
Social Minister Margot Wallstroem says she is considering whether to
compensate people who were forcibly sterilized. That would require
overturning current law that says the victims can't get compensation because
the sterilizations were lawful when performed.
Nordin applied for compensation last year but her request was turned down by
Wallstroem, who now says she feels ashamed over the matter.
"I will take up the matter for discussion with the government. It is the
least I can do," the Cabinet minister said.
The "Dagens Nyheter" report has hit Swedes at a time when they were already
examining some painful history from World War II. The government, under
increasing international pressure, is looking into whether property looted
by the Nazis from Jews in other countries ended up in Sweden.
The issue of forced sterilization stands to be even more troublesome,
because it was conducted under the ostensibly benign gaze of the Social
Democrats -- that party that built Sweden's welfare state and proclaimed it
a paragon of enlightened government.
"The Social Democrats are implicated in a collective guilt," said Social
Minister Wallstroem, herself a member of the party.
The sterilization programs can be traced to turn-of-the-century enthusiasm
for eugenics.
The movement had adherents in many countries, but "Sweden was the first in
the world to grant this pseudoscience official recognition," Dagens Nyheter
wrote in describing how Sweden established an Institute of Racial Biology in
1921.
Not only did eugenics foresee an improved human race, it also was appealing
to Social Democrats, who were beginning to see that Sweden's welfare state
would be costly and wanted to limit the number of people who would have to
be supported, the newspaper said.
By JIM HEINTZ, The Associated Press
http://www.anomalous-images.com/news/news123.html
Vir nog 'n paar van die bronne, haal ek net die mees pertinente paragrawe
aan, en gee die URL:
Involuntary sterilization, of course, no longer enjoys any sort of vogue,
partly because it often expressed explicitly racist dimensions. One ground
for sterilization in Sweden was "unmistakable Gypsy features."
American advocates fretted over ethnic "mongrelization," but that became
plainly unsupportable after World War II.
http://www.reasonmag.com/opeds/nick100997.html
Recently, Sweden admitted that from
1934 to 1974, its government system
atically sterilized about 62,000 Swedes "judged to be rebellious or
promiscuous, of low intelligence or perhaps of mixed blood" (Providence
Journal 8/31/97).
Forced sterilizations were part of Sweden's means to the goal of a
progressive welfare state. Switzerland, Australia, Belgium, Norway and, of
course, Germany also admit to similar policies, but all stress that the
programs were carried out publicly, in a sanctioned effort to create a
better society. Only now are such methods considered "barbaric," as Margot
Wallstrom, Sweden's minister of health and social affairs, stated during a
news conference.
http://www.netspace.org/herald/issues/090897/kaza.f.html
In recent months European newspapers carried accounts of forced
sterilization in other countries, such as Finalnd, Norway, Denmark, Austria
and Belgium. But the fact that in Sweden more persons were sterilized, on a
per capita basis, than in other countries is hard to understand both in
Sweden and abroad. Perhaps it has to do with the image that Swedes have of
themselves and that they want to spread: Sweden, the peaceful nation,
neutral, unafraid to point at violations of human rights in other parts of
the world, a country of advanced social reforms, where citizens enjoy a high
and guaranteed level of public services in education, health and social
welfare
http://www.independentliving.org/LibArt/Sterilization.html
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| Re: Swede steriliseer vir rassesuiwerheid [boodskap #21693 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #21692] |
Fri, 12 March 1999 00:00  |
Alwyn Van Rooyen
Boodskappe: 49
Geregistreer: January 1999
Karma: 0
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Volle Lid |
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Ja, laat mens dink. Almal skreeu Heil Hitler, terwyl daar dalk goggas in die
tiun loop...
Leendert van Oostrum wrote in message ...
> Robbert,
>
> Kyk bietjie hierna. Ek verwelkom enige kritiek van die bronne, of ander
> bronne wat die teendeel toon:
>
> Sweden Painfully Re-examining Past Sterilization Program
>
> Copyright © 1997 Nando.net
> Copyright © 1997 The Associated Press
>
> STOCKHOLM, Sweden (August 25, 1997 6:58 p.m. EDT) -- They were found to be
> "inferior," flawed by mental retardation, bad eyesight or "undesirable"
> racial characteristics. To prevent this genetic heritage from being passed
> on, they were sterilized -- sometimes involuntarily.
>
> Sweden had as many as 60,000 of its own citizens sterilized between 1935 and
> 1976. Adults and children were singled out by doctors, school authorities or
> other officials and were pressured to consent to the procedures.
>
> This sterilization program bore chilling similarities to Nazi ideas of
> racial superiority -- and media reports on it now are provoking sober
> self-examination.
>
> The program stemmed from the pursuit of eugenics, a once-popular movement to
> improve humanity by controlling genetic factors in reproduction.
>
> Though Sweden's sterilization program was a matter of record, it received
> little public attention, ignored in schoolbooks and hardly mentioned in
> reference works. A recent series by the prestigious newspaper "Dagens
> Nyheter," however, has stirred national debate.
>
> Especially shocking to many Swedes is the fact that the law allowing the
> sterilizations wasn't overturned until 1976, three decades after the Nazis'
> human engineering policies collapsed in the rubble of the Third Reich.
>
> The sterilizations targeted a wide range of people: those of mixed race;
> unmarried mothers with several children; people judged to be habitual
> criminals; even a boy considered "sexually precocious."
>
> "Grounds for recommending sterilization: unmistakable Gypsy features,
> psychopathy, vagabond life," reads one document cited by "Dagens Nyheter."
>
> Maria Nordin, 72, told the newspaper she had been sterilized in 1943 because
> she was regarded as mentally inferior.
>
> "One day, the (school) superintendent said I should come into his room to
> sign some papers. I understood what this was about so I ran into a toilet
> and sat there and cried for a long time for myself," she said.
>
> Sweden, with its well-developed welfare state and long-standing progressive
> stances on social issues, is not accustomed to being on the defensive on
> ethical issues.
>
> "This is a frightening picture that now is being shown to the Swedish
> people," Alf Svensson, chairman of the opposition Christian Democratic
> Party, said in a letter to Prime Minister Goeran Persson.
>
> Social Minister Margot Wallstroem says she is considering whether to
> compensate people who were forcibly sterilized. That would require
> overturning current law that says the victims can't get compensation because
> the sterilizations were lawful when performed.
>
> Nordin applied for compensation last year but her request was turned down by
> Wallstroem, who now says she feels ashamed over the matter.
>
> "I will take up the matter for discussion with the government. It is the
> least I can do," the Cabinet minister said.
>
> The "Dagens Nyheter" report has hit Swedes at a time when they were already
> examining some painful history from World War II. The government, under
> increasing international pressure, is looking into whether property looted
> by the Nazis from Jews in other countries ended up in Sweden.
>
> The issue of forced sterilization stands to be even more troublesome,
> because it was conducted under the ostensibly benign gaze of the Social
> Democrats -- that party that built Sweden's welfare state and proclaimed it
> a paragon of enlightened government.
>
> "The Social Democrats are implicated in a collective guilt," said Social
> Minister Wallstroem, herself a member of the party.
>
> The sterilization programs can be traced to turn-of-the-century enthusiasm
> for eugenics.
>
> The movement had adherents in many countries, but "Sweden was the first in
> the world to grant this pseudoscience official recognition," Dagens Nyheter
> wrote in describing how Sweden established an Institute of Racial Biology in
> 1921.
>
> Not only did eugenics foresee an improved human race, it also was appealing
> to Social Democrats, who were beginning to see that Sweden's welfare state
> would be costly and wanted to limit the number of people who would have to
> be supported, the newspaper said.
>
> By JIM HEINTZ, The Associated Press
> http://www.anomalous-images.com/news/news123.html
>
>
> Vir nog 'n paar van die bronne, haal ek net die mees pertinente paragrawe
> aan, en gee die URL:
>
> Involuntary sterilization, of course, no longer enjoys any sort of vogue,
> partly because it often expressed explicitly racist dimensions. One ground
> for sterilization in Sweden was "unmistakable Gypsy features."
>
> American advocates fretted over ethnic "mongrelization," but that became
> plainly unsupportable after World War II.
>
>
> http://www.reasonmag.com/opeds/nick100997.html
>
> Recently, Sweden admitted that from
> 1934 to 1974, its government system
> atically sterilized about 62,000 Swedes "judged to be rebellious or
> promiscuous, of low intelligence or perhaps of mixed blood" (Providence
> Journal 8/31/97).
>
> Forced sterilizations were part of Sweden's means to the goal of a
> progressive welfare state. Switzerland, Australia, Belgium, Norway and, of
> course, Germany also admit to similar policies, but all stress that the
> programs were carried out publicly, in a sanctioned effort to create a
> better society. Only now are such methods considered "barbaric," as Margot
> Wallstrom, Sweden's minister of health and social affairs, stated during a
> news conference.
>
> http://www.netspace.org/herald/issues/090897/kaza.f.html
>
> In recent months European newspapers carried accounts of forced
> sterilization in other countries, such as Finalnd, Norway, Denmark, Austria
> and Belgium. But the fact that in Sweden more persons were sterilized, on a
> per capita basis, than in other countries is hard to understand both in
> Sweden and abroad. Perhaps it has to do with the image that Swedes have of
> themselves and that they want to spread: Sweden, the peaceful nation,
> neutral, unafraid to point at violations of human rights in other parts of
> the world, a country of advanced social reforms, where citizens enjoy a high
> and guaranteed level of public services in education, health and social
> welfare
>
> http://www.independentliving.org/LibArt/Sterilization.html
>
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| Re: Swede steriliseer vir rassesuiwerheid [boodskap #21747 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #21692] |
Sun, 14 March 1999 00:00 |
Robbert Zijlstra
Boodskappe: 111
Geregistreer: January 1999
Karma: 0
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Senior Lid |
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Leendert,
bedankt voor je bijdrage. Ik herrinerde me bij lezing van de artikelen, dat deze
informatie ook al in de Nederlandse pers verschenen is, ook in 1997. Maar ik was
ze al weer vergeten, omdat deze informatie niet strookt met mijn beeld van de
Zweden. Ons brein is maar een raar ding. Oke, mijn brein is maar een raar ding.
Wat misschien interressant is om af te vragen is wat de basis is van de ideeën
van de uitvoerders van deze sterilisatieprogramma's, los van de financiële
overwegingen in een welvaartstaat.
Ooit waren dit soort opvattingen gemeengoed. Waar waren ze op gebaseerd? Die
eigenlijke opvattingen zijn verdwenen, maar is de filosofie waarop ze gebaseerd
zijn ook verdwenen?
Dat is mijn nieuwe vraag, Leendert?
Ik kijk uit naar je bijdrage.
Robbert
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