Tuis » Algemeen » Koeitjies & kalfies » The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa
| The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa [boodskap #109131] |
Wo, 22 Februarie 2006 10:42  |
fire_
Boodskappe: 14
Geregistreer: Februarie 2006
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Junior Lid |
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Verskoon die engles ASB.
Race and intelligence is a controversial area of anthropology and
intelligence research studying the nature, origins, and practical
consequences of racial and ethnic group differences in intelligence
test scores and other measures of cognitive ability.[1]
Much of the evidence currently cited is based on IQ testing in the
United States. While the distributions of IQ scores among different
racial-ethnic groups overlap considerably, groups differ in where their
members cluster along the IQ scale.[2] Similar clustering occurs with
related variables, such as school achievement, reaction time, and brain
size, and the gap shows up before age 3 on most standardized tests
after matching for variables such as maternal education.[3] Most
variation in IQ in the U.S. occurs within individual families, not
between races. However, even small differences in average IQ at the
group level might theoretically have large effects on social outcomes.
For example, a randomly selected group of Americans with an average IQ
of 103 had a poverty rate 25% lower than a group with an average IQ of
100. Similar substantial correlations in high school drop-out rates,
crime rates, and other outcomes have been measured.[4]
Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain racial-ethnic group
differences in IQ. Certain environmental factors, such as childhood
nutrition, are thought to modulate IQ in children[5], and other
influences have been hypothesized, including education level, richness
of the early home environment, and other social, cultural, or economic
factors. The primary focus of the scientific debate is whether group IQ
differences also reflect a genetic component. Hereditarianism
hypothesizes that a genetic contribution to intelligence could include
genes linked to neuron structure or function, brain size or metabolism,
or other physiological differences which could vary with biogeographic
ancestry.
The findings of this field are often thought to conflict with
fundamental social philosophies, and have thus engendered a large
controversy. Media portrayal of the role of genetic and environmental
factors in explaining individual and group differences in IQ was shown
in a 1988 study to be misleading regarding mainstream expert opinion.
Some critics examine the fairness and validity of cognitive testing and
racial categorization, as well as the reliability of the studies and
the motives of the authors, on both sides. Some critics fear the misuse
of the research, question its utility, feel that comparing the
intelligence of racial groups is itself unethical, whether justified or
unjustified. For instance, the disparity in average IQ among racial
groups is sometimes mistaken for the idea that all members of one race
are more intelligent than all members of another, or that ranking group
IQ averages from "high" to "low" implies a moral ranking of races from
"good" to "bad" or an overall ranking of "superior" to "inferior". The
conclusion that some racial groups have lower average IQ scores, and
the hypothesis that a genetic component may be involved, have led to
heated academic debates that have spilled over into the public sphere
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| Re: The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa [boodskap #109134 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #109131] |
Wo, 22 Februarie 2006 11:21  |
Torreke
Boodskappe: 1165
Geregistreer: April 2006
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Senior Lid |
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Dankie! Dis ten minste 'n gebalanseerde artikel.
"fire_" wrote in message
news:1140604974.326077.277610@g43g2000cwa.googlegroups.com.. .
> Verskoon die engles ASB.
>
>
> Race and intelligence is a controversial area of anthropology and
> intelligence research studying the nature, origins, and practical
> consequences of racial and ethnic group differences in intelligence
> test scores and other measures of cognitive ability.[1]
>
> Much of the evidence currently cited is based on IQ testing in the
> United States. While the distributions of IQ scores among different
> racial-ethnic groups overlap considerably, groups differ in where their
>
> members cluster along the IQ scale.[2] Similar clustering occurs with
> related variables, such as school achievement, reaction time, and brain
>
> size, and the gap shows up before age 3 on most standardized tests
> after matching for variables such as maternal education.[3] Most
> variation in IQ in the U.S. occurs within individual families, not
> between races. However, even small differences in average IQ at the
> group level might theoretically have large effects on social outcomes.
> For example, a randomly selected group of Americans with an average IQ
> of 103 had a poverty rate 25% lower than a group with an average IQ of
> 100. Similar substantial correlations in high school drop-out rates,
> crime rates, and other outcomes have been measured.[4]
>
>
> Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain racial-ethnic group
> differences in IQ. Certain environmental factors, such as childhood
> nutrition, are thought to modulate IQ in children[5], and other
> influences have been hypothesized, including education level, richness
> of the early home environment, and other social, cultural, or economic
> factors. The primary focus of the scientific debate is whether group IQ
>
> differences also reflect a genetic component. Hereditarianism
> hypothesizes that a genetic contribution to intelligence could include
> genes linked to neuron structure or function, brain size or metabolism,
>
> or other physiological differences which could vary with biogeographic
> ancestry.
>
>
> The findings of this field are often thought to conflict with
> fundamental social philosophies, and have thus engendered a large
> controversy. Media portrayal of the role of genetic and environmental
> factors in explaining individual and group differences in IQ was shown
> in a 1988 study to be misleading regarding mainstream expert opinion.
> Some critics examine the fairness and validity of cognitive testing and
>
> racial categorization, as well as the reliability of the studies and
> the motives of the authors, on both sides. Some critics fear the misuse
>
> of the research, question its utility, feel that comparing the
> intelligence of racial groups is itself unethical, whether justified or
>
> unjustified. For instance, the disparity in average IQ among racial
> groups is sometimes mistaken for the idea that all members of one race
> are more intelligent than all members of another, or that ranking group
>
> IQ averages from "high" to "low" implies a moral ranking of races from
> "good" to "bad" or an overall ranking of "superior" to "inferior". The
> conclusion that some racial groups have lower average IQ scores, and
> the hypothesis that a genetic component may be involved, have led to
> heated academic debates that have spilled over into the public sphere
>
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| Re: The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa [boodskap #109135 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #109134] |
Wo, 22 Februarie 2006 11:25 |
fire_
Boodskappe: 14
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Junior Lid |
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die is die een wat krap :
Country IQ estimate Country IQ estimate Country IQ
estimate
Hong Kong (PRC) 107 Russia 96 Fiji 84
South Korea 106 Slovakia 96 Iran 84
Japan 105 Uruguay 96
Marshall Islands 84
Taiwan (ROC) 104 Portugal 95 Puerto
Rico (US) 84
Singapore 103 Slovenia 95 Egypt
83
Austria 102 Israel 94
India 81
Germany 102 Romania 94 Ecuador 80
Italy 102 Bulgaria 93
Guatemala 79
Netherlands 102 Ireland 93 Barbados
78
Sweden 101 Greece 92 Nepal
78
Switzerland 101 Malaysia 92 Qatar
78
Belgium 100 Thailand 91 Zambia
77
China (PRC) 100 Croatia 90
Congo-Brazzaville 73
New Zealand 100 Peru 90 Uganda 73
United Kingdom 100 Turkey 90 Jamaica 72
Hungary 99 Indonesia 89 Kenya
72
Poland 99 Suriname 89 South
Africa 72
Australia 98 Colombia 89 Sudan
72
Denmark 98 Brazil 87 Tanzania
72
France 98 Iraq 87
Ghana 71
Norway 98 Mexico 87 Nigeria
67
United States 98 Samoa 87 Guinea 66
Canada 97 Tonga 87
Zimbabwe 66
Czech Republic 97 Lebanon 86
Congo-Kinshasa 65
Finland 97 Philippines 86 Sierra
Leone 64
Spain 97 Cuba 85
Ethiopia 63
Argentina 96 Morocco 85 Equatorial
Guinea 59
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| Re: The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa [boodskap #109138 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #109135] |
Wo, 22 Februarie 2006 12:34 |
Torreke
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Interessant. Hong Kong 107 en Rusland 96. België 100. VK 100.
SA 72. Dit beteken die gemiddeld in SA lê op die grens tussen normaal en
gestremd. Kom nou...
"fire_" wrote in message news:1140607534.372643.249250@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com.. .
> die is die een wat krap :
>
>
>
>
> Country IQ estimate Country IQ estimate Country IQ
> estimate
> Hong Kong (PRC) 107 Russia 96 Fiji 84
> South Korea 106 Slovakia 96 Iran 84
> Japan 105 Uruguay 96
> Marshall Islands 84
> Taiwan (ROC) 104 Portugal 95 Puerto
> Rico (US) 84
> Singapore 103 Slovenia 95 Egypt
> 83
> Austria 102 Israel 94
> India 81
> Germany 102 Romania 94 Ecuador 80
> Italy 102 Bulgaria 93
> Guatemala 79
> Netherlands 102 Ireland 93 Barbados
> 78
> Sweden 101 Greece 92 Nepal
> 78
> Switzerland 101 Malaysia 92 Qatar
> 78
> Belgium 100 Thailand 91 Zambia
> 77
> China (PRC) 100 Croatia 90
> Congo-Brazzaville 73
> New Zealand 100 Peru 90 Uganda 73
> United Kingdom 100 Turkey 90 Jamaica 72
> Hungary 99 Indonesia 89 Kenya
> 72
> Poland 99 Suriname 89 South
> Africa 72
> Australia 98 Colombia 89 Sudan
> 72
> Denmark 98 Brazil 87 Tanzania
> 72
> France 98 Iraq 87
> Ghana 71
> Norway 98 Mexico 87 Nigeria
> 67
> United States 98 Samoa 87 Guinea 66
>
> Canada 97 Tonga 87
> Zimbabwe 66
> Czech Republic 97 Lebanon 86
> Congo-Kinshasa 65
> Finland 97 Philippines 86 Sierra
> Leone 64
> Spain 97 Cuba 85
> Ethiopia 63
> Argentina 96 Morocco 85 Equatorial
> Guinea 59
>
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| Re: The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa [boodskap #109140 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #109139] |
Wo, 22 Februarie 2006 13:19 |
fire_
Boodskappe: 14
Geregistreer: Februarie 2006
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Junior Lid |
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Dit behoort die probleem meer duidlik te maak.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence_%28Averag e_gaps_among_races%29
IQ test score gap in the US
2003 SAT results by race/ethnicity. Redrawn from College Board
statistics. College Board classifications are not homogeneous; for
example, "Asian" includes East Asians and South Asians; "White"
includes Jewish Americans and other Whites.
2001-2002 GRE results by race/ethnicity. Source: [2], Table A.2In
almost every testing situation where tests were administered and
evaluated correctly, a difference of approximately one standard
deviation was observed in the US between the mean IQ score of Blacks
and Whites. In the United States, the mean IQ score among Blacks is
approximately 85 and the mean IQ score among Whites is approximately
100; the mean IQ score of Hispanics is usually reported to be between
the mean Black and White scores (Herrnstein and Murray report a mean
"Latino" IQ of 89 in The Bell Curve). The mean score for people of East
Asian and Jewish descent is usually higher than the mean score of
Whites, but the extent of that difference is not precisely known.
However, several studies place the median IQ of Ashkenazi Jews (who
make up the overwhelming majority of American Jews) at approximately
one standard deviation above the mean for other Whites, with the
primary Jewish advantage in verbal reasoning and the East Asian
advantage primarily in spatial reasoning. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein
and Murray report mean IQ scores for East Asians and Jewish Americans
of 106 and 113 (on a scale where Whites = 103), respectively.
Similar gaps are seen in other tests of cognitive ability or aptitude,
including university admission exams such as the SAT and GRE as well as
employment tests for corporate settings and the military (Roth et al.
2001).
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| Re: The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa [boodskap #109157 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #109138] |
Do, 23 Februarie 2006 04:48 |
Otterkop
Boodskappe: 378
Geregistreer: Maart 2006
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Senior Lid |
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nou hoekom dink jy kry so baie elke maan 'n toelaag van die staat , dink
iets soos 11 miljoen
"Torreke" skryf in boodskap news:dthkr1$7d8$1@ctb-nnrp2.saix.net...
> Interessant. Hong Kong 107 en Rusland 96. België 100. VK 100.
> SA 72. Dit beteken die gemiddeld in SA lê op die grens tussen normaal en
> gestremd. Kom nou...
>
> "fire_" wrote in message
> news:1140607534.372643.249250@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com.. .
>> die is die een wat krap :
>> Country IQ estimate Country IQ estimate Country IQ
>> estimate
>> Hong Kong (PRC) 107 Russia 96 Fiji 84
>> South Korea 106 Slovakia 96 Iran 84
>> Japan 105 Uruguay 96
>> Marshall Islands 84
>> Taiwan (ROC) 104 Portugal 95 Puerto
>> Rico (US) 84
>> Singapore 103 Slovenia 95 Egypt
>> 83
>> Austria 102 Israel 94
>> India 81
>> Germany 102 Romania 94 Ecuador 80
>> Italy 102 Bulgaria 93
>> Guatemala 79
>> Netherlands 102 Ireland 93 Barbados
>> 78
>> Sweden 101 Greece 92 Nepal
>> 78
>> Switzerland 101 Malaysia 92 Qatar
>> 78
>> Belgium 100 Thailand 91 Zambia
>> 77
>> China (PRC) 100 Croatia 90
>> Congo-Brazzaville 73
>> New Zealand 100 Peru 90 Uganda 73
>> United Kingdom 100 Turkey 90 Jamaica 72
>> Hungary 99 Indonesia 89 Kenya
>> 72
>> Poland 99 Suriname 89 South
>> Africa 72
>> Australia 98 Colombia 89 Sudan
>> 72
>> Denmark 98 Brazil 87 Tanzania
>> 72
>> France 98 Iraq 87
>> Ghana 71
>> Norway 98 Mexico 87 Nigeria
>> 67
>> United States 98 Samoa 87 Guinea 66
>> Canada 97 Tonga 87
>> Zimbabwe 66
>> Czech Republic 97 Lebanon 86
>> Congo-Kinshasa 65
>> Finland 97 Philippines 86 Sierra
>> Leone 64
>> Spain 97 Cuba 85
>> Ethiopia 63
>> Argentina 96 Morocco 85 Equatorial
>> Guinea 59
>
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| Re: The relationship between IQ and the lack of development in sub Saharan Africa [boodskap #109163 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #109145] |
Do, 23 Februarie 2006 06:13 |
fire_
Boodskappe: 14
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Junior Lid |
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Hulle ia maar so dom :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve
Economic and social correlates of IQ IQ 125
US population distribution 5 20 50 20 5
Married by age 30 72 81 81 72 67
Out of labor force more than 1 month out of year (men) 22 19 15 14 10
Unemployed more than 1 month out of year (men) 12 10 7 7 2
Divorced in 5 years 21 22 23 15 9
% of children w/ IQ in bottom decile (mothers) 39 17 6 7 -
Had an illegitimate baby (mothers) 32 17 8 4 2
Lives in poverty 30 16 6 3 2
Ever incarcerated (men) 7 7 3 1 0
Chronic welfare recipient (mothers) 31 17 8 2 0
High school dropout 55 35 6 0.4 0
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