Tuis » Algemeen » Koeitjies & kalfies » Spookstorie
| Spookstorie [boodskap #41474] |
Di, 01 Mei 2001 13:54  |
Frikkie Potgieter
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Kan iemand asseblief gou hier help. (Slegs Boere asseblief)...
Ek is dringend opsoek na `n spookstorie waaroor my seun mondeling kan praat.
Stuur asseblief wie ookal kan help na my persoonlike e-posadres. Ek stel dit
hoog op prys.
rsa...@intekom.co.za
Geen sarkastiese briewe nie asseblief anders sal ek die hel uit julle spam.
(Geen grappie nie)
Ook asseblief geen spookstories oor myself nie, aangesien ek hulle almal
ken.. HAha
Indien moontlik asseblief voor Moremiddag:
Baie dankie
Beste Groete
Frikkie
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41499 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41474] |
Di, 01 Mei 2001 20:24  |
Sterrenkijker[1]
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Nou, dit is baie maklik!
Sê teen jou seun jy is self die grootste spook van hierdie nuusgroep!
Neen, ek maak GEEN grappie! Ek meen dit!
Jou onsin het my byna die vriendskap met my vriendin in Suid-Afrika
gekos! Sy noem jou 'n psigopaat!
'N andere vrou wat my ook 'n e-pos geskryf het noem jou 'n "creep",
so dom as 'n esel!
En kom jy nu maar hiertoe met jou spam. Ek sal jou ontvang!
Ek is nie bang vir jou nie, maatjie! Wat voor verskriklik mens is jy
dat jy jou eie landgenote durf te bedreig? Ek garandeer jou: as jy
begin kry jy van my 'n e-pos so groot as die Bybel. Begin jy intussen
maar dat boek eens te herlees!
Die groete
Norbert (uit Vlaanderen)
"Frikkie Potgieter" schreef:
> Kan iemand asseblief gou hier help. (Slegs Boere asseblief)...
>
> Ek is dringend opsoek na `n spookstorie waaroor my seun mondeling kan praat.
>
> Stuur asseblief wie ookal kan help na my persoonlike e-posadres. Ek stel dit
> hoog op prys.
> rsa...@intekom.co.za
>
> Geen sarkastiese briewe nie asseblief anders sal ek die hel uit julle spam.
> (Geen grappie nie)
> Ook asseblief geen spookstories oor myself nie, aangesien ek hulle almal
> ken.. HAha
>
> Indien moontlik asseblief voor Moremiddag:
> Baie dankie
> Beste Groete
> Frikkie
>
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41500 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41499] |
Di, 01 Mei 2001 20:40 |
davie davis[1]
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On Tue, 01 May 2001 20:24:47 GMT, sterre...@online.be (
Sterrenkijker) wrote:
> Wat voor verskriklik mens is jy
> dat jy jou eie landgenote durf te bedreig? Ek garandeer jou: as jy
> begin kry jy van my 'n e-pos so groot as die Bybel. Begin jy intussen
> maar dat boek eens te herlees!
>
> Die groete
>
> Norbert (uit Vlaanderen)
>
Eers gedink ek moet Eugene Terblanche op jou sit.
Toe dink ek weer... miskien moet jy die mense begin spam!
Groete van die kant ook
Davie Davis uit ZA
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41520 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41500] |
Wo, 02 Mei 2001 05:49 |
Sterrenkijker[1]
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Eugène Terreblanche is een van my persoonlike vriende...
Die groete,
Norbert (uit Vlaanderen)
Davie Davis schreef:
> On Tue, 01 May 2001 20:24:47 GMT, sterre...@online.be (
> Sterrenkijker) wrote:
>
>> Wat voor verskriklik mens is jy
>> dat jy jou eie landgenote durf te bedreig? Ek garandeer jou: as jy
>> begin kry jy van my 'n e-pos so groot as die Bybel. Begin jy intussen
>> maar dat boek eens te herlees!
>> Die groete
>> Norbert (uit Vlaanderen)
>
> Eers gedink ek moet Eugene Terblanche op jou sit.
> Toe dink ek weer... miskien moet jy die mense begin spam!
>
> Groete van die kant ook
>
> Davie Davis uit ZA
>
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41522 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41499] |
Wo, 02 Mei 2001 06:52 |
Frikkie Potgieter
Boodskappe: 383
Geregistreer: Februarie 1997
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JOU GAT ??????
Sterrenkijker skryf in boodskap news:3aef192a.9262189@news.online.be...
> Nou, dit is baie maklik!
> Sê teen jou seun jy is self die grootste spook van hierdie nuusgroep!
> Neen, ek maak GEEN grappie! Ek meen dit!
> Jou onsin het my byna die vriendskap met my vriendin in Suid-Afrika
> gekos! Sy noem jou 'n psigopaat!
> 'N andere vrou wat my ook 'n e-pos geskryf het noem jou 'n "creep",
> so dom as 'n esel!
> En kom jy nu maar hiertoe met jou spam. Ek sal jou ontvang!
> Ek is nie bang vir jou nie, maatjie! Wat voor verskriklik mens is jy
> dat jy jou eie landgenote durf te bedreig? Ek garandeer jou: as jy
> begin kry jy van my 'n e-pos so groot as die Bybel. Begin jy intussen
> maar dat boek eens te herlees!
>
> Die groete
>
> Norbert (uit Vlaanderen)
>
>
>
>
> "Frikkie Potgieter" schreef:
>
>> Kan iemand asseblief gou hier help. (Slegs Boere asseblief)...
>>
>> Ek is dringend opsoek na `n spookstorie waaroor my seun mondeling kan praat.
>>
>> Stuur asseblief wie ookal kan help na my persoonlike e-posadres. Ek stel dit
>> hoog op prys.
>> rsa...@intekom.co.za
>>
>> Geen sarkastiese briewe nie asseblief anders sal ek die hel uit julle spam.
>> (Geen grappie nie)
>> Ook asseblief geen spookstories oor myself nie, aangesien ek hulle almal
>> ken.. HAha
>>
>> Indien moontlik asseblief voor Moremiddag:
>> Baie dankie
>> Beste Groete
>> Frikkie
>>
>
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41523 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41474] |
Wo, 02 Mei 2001 06:53 |
Frikkie Potgieter
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Dankie vir die drie stories wat sover by my uitgekom het.
Ek het dus reggekom vanaf Boere.
Groete
Frikkie
Frikkie Potgieter skryf in boodskap news:9cmf3s$fn4$1@ctb-nnrp1.saix.net...
> Kan iemand asseblief gou hier help. (Slegs Boere asseblief)...
>
> Ek is dringend opsoek na `n spookstorie waaroor my seun mondeling kan praat.
>
> Stuur asseblief wie ookal kan help na my persoonlike e-posadres. Ek stel dit
> hoog op prys.
> rsa...@intekom.co.za
>
> Geen sarkastiese briewe nie asseblief anders sal ek die hel uit julle spam.
> (Geen grappie nie)
> Ook asseblief geen spookstories oor myself nie, aangesien ek hulle almal
> ken.. HAha
>
> Indien moontlik asseblief voor Moremiddag:
> Baie dankie
> Beste Groete
> Frikkie
>
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41526 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41474] |
Wo, 02 Mei 2001 09:50 |
Lou
Boodskappe: 436
Geregistreer: Julie 2000
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Wou jou net help toe sien ek dus net vir Boere - wat is jou nuutste
definisie van 'n Boer ou Frikkie?
Frikkie Potgieter wrote:
>
> Kan iemand asseblief gou hier help. (Slegs Boere asseblief)...
>
> Ek is dringend opsoek na `n spookstorie waaroor my seun mondeling kan praat.
>
> Stuur asseblief wie ookal kan help na my persoonlike e-posadres. Ek stel dit
> hoog op prys.
> rsa...@intekom.co.za
>
> Geen sarkastiese briewe nie asseblief anders sal ek die hel uit julle spam.
> (Geen grappie nie)
> Ook asseblief geen spookstories oor myself nie, aangesien ek hulle almal
> ken.. HAha
>
> Indien moontlik asseblief voor Moremiddag:
> Baie dankie
> Beste Groete
> Frikkie
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41555 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41526] |
Do, 03 Mei 2001 20:32 |
Frikkie Potgieter
Boodskappe: 383
Geregistreer: Februarie 1997
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Indien jy dit nie eens weet nie is jy elk geval nie een nie.
Groete
Lou skryf in boodskap news:3AEFD87D.FCF01AF7@lous.zzn.com...
> Wou jou net help toe sien ek dus net vir Boere - wat is jou nuutste
> definisie van 'n Boer ou Frikkie?
>
> Frikkie Potgieter wrote:
>>
>> Kan iemand asseblief gou hier help. (Slegs Boere asseblief)...
>>
>> Ek is dringend opsoek na `n spookstorie waaroor my seun mondeling kan praat.
>>
>> Stuur asseblief wie ookal kan help na my persoonlike e-posadres. Ek stel dit
>> hoog op prys.
>> rsa...@intekom.co.za
>>
>> Geen sarkastiese briewe nie asseblief anders sal ek die hel uit julle spam.
>> (Geen grappie nie)
>> Ook asseblief geen spookstories oor myself nie, aangesien ek hulle almal
>> ken.. HAha
>>
>> Indien moontlik asseblief voor Moremiddag:
>> Baie dankie
>> Beste Groete
>> Frikkie
|
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41578 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41555] |
Vr, 04 Mei 2001 11:16 |
davie davis[1]
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On Thu, 3 May 2001 22:32:44 +0200, "Frikkie Potgieter"
wrote:
> Indien jy dit nie eens weet nie is jy elk geval nie een nie.
>
> Groete
>
> Lou wrote in message
> news:3AEFD87D.FCF01AF7@lous.zzn.com...
>> Wou jou net help toe sien ek dus net vir Boere - wat is jou nuutste
>> definisie van 'n Boer ou Frikkie?
Frikkie, jy praat mos snert nou. Lou het nie gevra wat is 'n Boer nie
- Lou het gevra wie sien jy as 'n Boer.
As jy nie weet hoe om te antwoord nie, sê so - verskillende mense het
verskillende opinies oor wie en wat 'n Boer is - wat is joune?
DD
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| Boere [boodskap #41588 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41578] |
Vr, 04 Mei 2001 20:21 |
Frikkie Potgieter
Boodskappe: 383
Geregistreer: Februarie 1997
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Senior Lid |
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Jammer vir hierdie een, maar hier is die Engelse weergawe. Sal te lank vat
om om te sit in Arikaans, maar lees gerus lekker.
Boere Groete
Frikkie
>> Lou wrote in message
>> news:3AEFD87D.FCF01AF7@lous.zzn.com...
>>> Wou jou net help toe sien ek dus net vir Boere - wat is jou nuutste
>>> definisie van 'n Boer ou Frikkie?
>
>
> Frikkie, jy praat mos snert nou. Lou het nie gevra wat is 'n Boer nie
> - Lou het gevra wie sien jy as 'n Boer.
> As jy nie weet hoe om te antwoord nie, sê so - verskillende mense het
> verskillende opinies oor wie en wat 'n Boer is - wat is joune?
>
> DD
THE TRUTH AT LAST
Dedicated to the 27,000 Boer women and children who died in the Great Boer
Holocaust of 1900-1902.
THE cries of the dying children have been scattered by time, but the message
of sacrifice and struggle which they carried can still be heard, the sound
of distant drumming, the march of feet, the legions of the dead marching on.
They beckon on those left behind: find the strength to carry on, for we died
not in vain.
Foreword by the author
THIS work has in essence to do with the difference between culture, race and
nation-hood. Too often, either through ignorance, indifference or
maliciousness, the distinctions between these three concepts are blurred,
obscuring the real drivers of history and preventing an understanding of the
true causes of events.
A race can be defined as a group of individuals who share broadly the same
common genetic characteristics. In this way, broadly speaking, the peoples
of Europe share a common genetic inheritance which can be seen through their
physical appearance.
The same applies, broadly speaking, to the other main racial groups around
the world: the Black (Negroid); the Mongolian (Asian) and so on. This common
genetic heritage defines not only the different races' physical appearance,
but also (and more controversially), their intelligence and cognitive
abilities.
Nationhood can be defined as the feeling of unity experienced by a group of
individuals, and not necessarily racially defined. It is possible for a
collection of individuals from different races to claim a common nationhood,
depending on how that nation defines itself.
This is linked to the concept of culture: for example, although the peoples
of Europe share more or less a common genetic heritage, no-one in their
right mind will claim that Irish culture is identical to that of, say,
Austrian. The fact remains that cultures differ, even amongst virtually
identical racial groupings.
It is this difference in culture which forms the basis of this booklet.
It is important to note that culture is transferable. An example: if a
German born baby is taken at birth and raised in a Scottish household, that
child will, culturally speaking, be a Scotsman first, and then a White
person second. Being a German will not even rate as a third place.
In this way a nation known as Boers has come into existence in South Africa.
The Boers are a collection of peoples originating in Europe who have
coalesced into a culturally, and even ideologically, uniform group which has
set them apart from others in Africa - including Whites who have not made
the cultural shift.
The Dutch, German, French, Belgian, Danish, English and Irish surnames one
sees amongst this group testifies to the transferability of culture - and
also to the unique blending process which has given rise to one of the most
hardy indigenous peoples of Southern Africa.
It is towards a greater understanding of the drivers of culture, race and
nationhood, that this work is presented to the reader.
Arthur Kemp
Historical note: this outline of this booklet started life as a submission
to the United Nations sub committee meeting on indigenous peoples' rights
held in Switzerland in June 1995.
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. White Settlement
4. The Cape Dutch Settlers
5. The British South Africans
6. The Boers
7. The Afrikaners
8. An Indigenous People
9. Conclusion
1. Introduction
There is a conception held by the outside world - and indeed by many within
South Africa - that all the White inhabitants of South Africa are a uniform
group - that they are all united and until very recently, all wished to
dominate other peoples under the banner of Apartheid.
This is a misconception, a factual inaccuracy, perpetrated by those who had
either absolute political power in South Africa as their aim, or who wished
to see the only indigenous White people of Southern Africa, the Boers, be
taken up and destroyed in a larger whole.
There are Whites in South Africa who are not part of the colonial heritage;
who are not part of the "white South Africans" who until recently were
regarded as the polecats of the world. This group of people is known as the
Boers.
2. Definitions
According to the Oxford Dictionary, "indigenous" is an adjective meaning
"native, belonging naturally to the soil," (from the Latin indigena).
An indigenous people is therefore a people occupying a territory whose roots
can be shown to have come from that particular territory, and not some other
part of the globe. This is a crucial definition to bear in mind when the
Whites of South Africa are analysed.
Although the outside world has now for many years wrongly regarded the
Whites of South Africa as a single ethnic group, there are in fact three
distinct ethnic groupings within the White population:
(i) the British South Africans,
(ii) the Afrikaners, and
(iii) the Boers.
The distinction between these three ethnic groupings, and particularly the
last two (the "Afrikaners" and the "Boers") is of crucial importance in
determining the Boers' rights as an indigenous people.
3. White Settlement
Although the first Whites landed at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, they did
not come as settlers. They were Hollanders who came to set up a refueling
station for their ships travelling to and from the east. The first White
Hollander ashore, Jan van Riebeeck, in fact left Africa shortly afterwards
and never returned.
It was however a number of other Europeans who came to the Cape shortly
after this Dutch supply station had been set up, who formed a core of real
settlers, based around the Western Cape. These settlers came from various
European countries such as Holland, Germany, France and a number of other
smaller nations.
Many of these people were members of the Protestant Churches in Europe, and
came as religious refugees. This wave of Protestants firmly established a
Protestant ethic in South Africa to the extent that to this day
Protestantism is the dominant Christian religion in the country.
The Cape was all this while under Dutch rule, which became increasingly
autocratic and intolerable. Slowly but surely a section of these white
settlers, many of whom had already once fled persecution and therefore had
an already established tradition of independence, began to agitate against
the Dutch colonial rule. This agitation resulted in the "Vryburger" movement
(the "Free Burgers") which pressed the Dutch colonialists for more and more
independence.
The Free Burgers were the first Whites in South Africa to make the
transition from "settlers" to an indigenous people growing "out of the
soil". Most of the Vryburgers had been born in Southern Africa, and many
were two or more generations removed from Europe already. It was members of
this community which started migrating away from the Cape, motivated by a
desire to escape Dutch Colonial rule.
This agitation against colonial rule can be said to be the first origins of
the only White indigenous people of Africa. It is therefore crucial to bear
in mind that the very first anti-colonial movement in Africa was the White
Vryburger movement - which was the Boer nation in germination. These
attempts to escape colonialism were the origin of the Boer people.
However, its is also equally true that a large number - in fact the
majority - of White settlers at the Cape did not support the Vryburger
movement. Most of them were quite happy with the colonial situation, and
perfectly happy to stay under the Dutch flag.
These people formed the core of what is today known as the "Afrikaner"
people - mainly Cape based. This group is dealt with in detail below.
A third wave of White settlers arrived in South Africa in large numbers
after 1820. The British Empire had by this stage occupied the Cape during
the Napoleonic wars in Europe to protect the eastern Sea Route.
As a result of the British occupation of the Cape, a large number of English
speaking settlers arrived in the Cape, bringing with them their language,
religion and other cultural expressions.
4. The Cape Dutch Settlers
When the White population at the Cape split over the colonial issue - as
detailed above, those who wanted to escape colonial rule migrated away from
the Cape, while those who had no nationalistic zeal and who wished to keep
their links with Europe stayed behind.
These people who stayed behind were all Dutch citizens, and when the British
occupied the Cape, were perfectly happy to become loyal British vassals.
Those who stayed behind in the Cape became known amongst the independence
minded Boers as the "Cape Dutch" - symbolizing their attachment to Europe.
This group loyally supported any European colonial government, and
vehemently opposed all attempts by the fledgling Boer population to break
ties with the colonial governments.
This group stood in strong opposition to the fledgling Boer population and
differed with them on all levels - starting with their approach to
colonialism and extending all the way through even to language. It is not
widely known that there are, for example, marked accent and pronunciation
differences between the Boers and the "Cape Dutch".
The vehemence with which the Cape Dutch opposed the Boer population was
underlined when the Boers were excommunicated from the Cape Dutch Reformed
Church when they moved away from the Cape.
This group of Cape Dutch settlers therefore always opposed the Boers' drive
for independence and anti-colonialism, and, along with the British settlers,
were the true colonial masters of Southern Africa, while the Boers always
tried to escape from this mentality and state of affairs.
5. The British South Africans
After the British occupied the Cape for the first time in 1795, the British
decided that Africa should be added to the then expanding British Empire.
For this purpose the British government engaged in large scale settlement of
its citizens in South Africa.
The first large wave came in 1820, and these people settled in, first the
Cape and then later in what became known as Natal. While a few of the
British settlers immediately assimilated themselves in the mindset of the
Boer frontiersmen, a large number retained the British link.
The reaction of the Boers to the British occupation of the Cape is important
because it provided an impetus for the continuation of the migratory process
away from the Western Cape, a process which had already started in protest
against the White Dutch colonial rule.
The Boer rebellion against British rule in the Cape reached a high point
with an armed rebellion in 1812 / 1813, known as the Slagtersnek rebellion.
Although this rebellion failed, it did exemplify what the difference between
the Boers and the White settlers - both Dutch speaking and English
speaking - was all about.
The Boers wanted independence and not to be part of a colonial expedition,
while the other settlers were just colonists and nothing else.
The British settlement in South Africa formed the second major ethnic
grouping of Whites in South Africa. To this day they have retained their
British heritage and affinity for their homeland, even down to the extent of
most of them having dual nationality or at least access to such dual
nationality - South African and British.
This British element, for the greatest part, has remained loyal to Great
Britain throughout their history in South Africa, and needless to say,
actively opposed the Boers' anti-colonization drive as well. The culture of
these British settlers is still firmly part of their European homeland.
This does not however counteract the fact that a portion of English speakers
actively identified themselves with the Boer cause - then and now. Those who
did, and do today,
are assimilated into the Boers as quickly as other nationalities are.
6. The Boers
As the first anti-colonialist drive began under the Dutch colony in the
Cape, so did the most zealous "Boers" (the word originally means a farmer)
begin to move away from the Cape in search of freedom and independence.
These people were continually moving further and further away from the Cape
and eventually met the first great Nguni migrations - the Xhosa people - who
were moving South at the same time. This meeting took place in what is today
known as the Eastern Cape.
As the two great migrations - Boer and Xhosa - met at the Fish River in the
Eastern Cape, so did these two migrations stop for a while. In the interim
however, the British Empire occupied the Cape Colony, and the Boers, who had
sacrificed so much to escape their White colonial Dutch masters, once again
found themselves under White British rule.
It was from the Eastern Cape that the first of what has become known as the
Great Trek movements started. This Great Trek was in fact the migration of
the Boer people away from the British Empire - proof yet again that the
first anti-colonial movement in Africa was a Boer movement - an indigenous
people trying to escape colonization by an European power. In many ways this
of course mirrored events in North America.
The main cause of the Great Trek was the British colonial masters trying to
colonize the Boers of the Cape frontiers. There were other smaller factors,
but it can be said in summation that it was the Boers' desire to be free and
independent of colonial rule which caused the Great Trek.
It is of crucial importance to note that whenever reference is made to the
Great Trek, history writers always refer to the "Boers" who took part in the
great Trek. There was no "Afrikaner" Great Trek, and there were no
"Afrikaner" Great Trek Leaders, just Boer Great Trek leaders. This is an
indication that at this stage already the Boers had developed an identity of
their own, distinct from the Cape Dutch and English settlers of the Cape.
The independence minded Boers packed up their belongings and headed north -
into what today is known as the Orange Free State, Transvaal and into Natal.
Although there were scattered Nguni speaking peoples living in these
territories, particularly in Natal where the Zulus held sway, large parts of
these territories were vacant, having been decimated by the Difaquane, or
inter tribal wars said to have originated with the Zulu King Shaka.
The first Boer movement into Natal attempted to negotiate land from the Zulu
King, Dingaan. These attempts to trade land with the Zulu ended in failure
and the Boer leaders were murdered.
The Zulu army was however defeated at a Battle which became known as the
Battle of Blood River in 1838, and the first Boer Republic was established
in Natal shortly thereafter.
The Battle of Blood River is regarded by Boers as the symbolic birth of
their nationhood, although of course, in reality the Boers had established
an own identity long before this event. The reason why the Boers however
regard the battle as being the symbolic birth of their nation was that they
felt that their victory against overwhelming odds was divinely inspired. The
Boer Trekkers had taken an oath to the Christian God that if they were given
the victory that day they would hold the day as holy - and the Boers have
held this tradition ever since.
Immediately after the Battle of Blood River - and the defeat of Dingaan -
the Boers renewed negotiations with the Zulus, and their new King, Mpande.
The new Zulu King agreed to let the Boers have territory in Natal. It can be
seen that from this early period then, the Boers were recognized by other
peoples in Southern Africa as an independent nation and not part of the
colonial governments - in other words already then they were recognized as
an indigenous people.
However, the British Empire still wished to colonize the Boers, and in 1840
annexed Natal. After a few skirmishes with the British, the Boers once again
packed up their belongings and left Natal, leaving behind only a small
number in Northern Natal.
The Boers from Natal then went and joined their fellow Boers in the Orange
Free State and the Transvaal, which had in the meantime been put on the road
to nationhood as well.
One of the major clashes of this period took place at a place called Vegkop
in 1836, where a Boer party was attacked by an advance army of Matabeles,
many miles before the Boers had actually penetrated Matabele territory. The
Matabele were defeated, and fled across the Limpopo river, where they are to
this day, in what is now called Zimbabwe.
While there were scattered Black indigenous tribes living in the territories
which became know as the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, there were
very few other major
clashes between them and the Boers. When such clashes did take place, they
were usually over matters such as stock or grazing rights - things over
which indigenous peoples would clash, rather than the battles of conquest
which conventional colonisation produces.
In 1852 the British Empire recognised Boer independence at the Sand River
Convention. This year marks the firm establishment of the Boers as an
indigenous people in international law, in the same manner in which American
independence was achieved.
At this early stage not one, but two independent Boer Republics were
recognized by the whole world, and were granted contractual capacity as with
any other independent indigenous nation. The mere fact that the British
colonial masters accepted this state of affairs shows that even the European
powers recognized the independence of the Boer nation, and also accepted
that this independence was not a colonial experiment.
The Boers had in the interim developed their own culture and language - in
fact the language spoken by the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State
Republics is one of the newest languages on earth. Many of its words have
origins in Africa - and not in any European language.
Linguistically then, the language of the Boers was created in Africa - yet
another indication that the Boers and their culture are indigenous to
Africa, and not a colonial import.
It is also of crucial importance to note that when any mention is made of
the independent republics, they are always called "Boer Republics" - and
never "Afrikaner Republics". This is of course confirmation that the Boers
had a separate identity from the Cape Dutch and British settlers. This
separate identity was confirmed in International Law by the Sand River
Convention of 1852.
Although the Boers thought they had at last found freedom from colonialism,
they were wrong. The British Empire launched two more attempts to recolonise
them - the second time being successful.
The first attempt to colonize the Boers came with the occupation of the
Transvaal by a small British contingent in 1877. This event led directly to
the First Anglo Boer War (note again that it is called an "Anglo Boer War"
and not an "Anglo-Afrikaner" war) and by 1881 the British forces had been
defeated by the Boers to such an extent that the British were forced to once
again recognize the independence of the Boer republics. This recognition was
given formal effect by the London Convention of 1884 - the second time that
the Boers had been recognized as an independent and indigenous people in
international law.
It is a sobering thought to realize that the very first liberation war
against colonial masters was in fact fought by the White Boers against the
White British colonialist - preceding any Black liberation war by many
decades. It can be argued that only an indigenous people can wage a
liberation war, and that this therefore shows once again that the Boers had
by this stage firmly established themselves as an indigenous people of
Africa.
The second attempt by the British to colonize the Boers resulted in the
Second Anglo Boer War of 1889-1902 (once again note that it is called the
Anglo-Boer war and not the Anglo Afrikaner war). This war resulted in the
development by the Boers of the guerrilla warfare method, since used by many
liberation movements in all parts of the world. Although the Boers fought
bravely against overwhelming odds, the British used a cruel and till then
unheard of measure of fighting - they rounded up as many Boer
women and children as they could find and put them into concentration camps
scattered around South Africa. In these camps, as a result of judicial
executions, starvation, disease and ill treatment, some 27,000 Boer women
and children died - some 20 percent of the total Boer population of the
time.
Against such inhumane methods the Boers could not fight, and eventually the
British succeeded in their dream of colonising the entire Southern Africa in
1902, when the treaty of Vereeniging, ending the Second Anglo Boer War, was
signed. Even in defeat, the Boers were recognized under international law.
The position of the Cape Dutch and British settlers during this conflict
also goes to show that these people did not associate themselves with the
Boers. Although a few Cape Dutch did take up arms and fight on the side of
the Boers, (they became known as the "Cape rebels" for this reason - and
they were severely punished if caught) the vast majority of the Cape Dutch
and British settlers in the Cape and Natal supported the British
colonization of Southern Africa, which then also included today's Botswana,
Zimbabwe, Zambia and territories even further north.
The treaty of Vereeniging therefore marks the subjugation of the Boers by
White European colonial masters - a fate shared by countless other
indigenous peoples while the British and other European empires still
regarded Africa and other parts of the world as their personal possession.
The Boers were however unique in that they were the only White indigenous
people to be subjected in this way.
7. The Afrikaners
Thus at the time of the ending of the Second Anglo Boer War, there were
three distinct ethnic groupings amongst the broad White population of South
Africa:
(i) the internationally recognized and indigenous Boer people;
(ii) the Cape Dutch Settlers, loyal to the British Empire; and
(iii) the British settlers, also loyal to the British Empire.
The British Empire realized that it had to bring the Boers under control for
once and for all, and therefore devised a plan to neutralize the Boer
Republics - a plan to make them join up with the other two White segments of
their colonies in South Africa.
The British masters of Southern Africa therefore engineered the National
Convention of 1908, which saw the creation of the Union of South Africa.
This union consisted of the former Cape Colony, the Natal colony, and the
two former Boer Republics. This union was not merely a geographic
convenience, but a deliberate plan to try and destroy the independence
minded Boers by mingling them with the Cape Dutch and British settlers.
It is worth noting that the British Empire used their technique in other
parts of Africa as well - reference can be made to the short lived
federation of Nyasaland (Malawi); Northern Rhodesia (Zambia); and Southern
Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) to name but one.
The prime representative of the British Empire in South Africa, Sir Alfred
Milner, put it this way: "The new tactic (to subjugate the Boers) must be to
consolidate the different areas of British South Africa into one nation.
Although unification will initially put the Boers into political control of
the entire South Africa, it will, ironically, eventually lead to their final
downfall."
This was of course precisely what happened - but not until a new name had
been developed for the new "nation" which Milner spoke about. They could not
continue to call the new nation a "Boer" state, because the Boers had been
subjugated.
They could not call it a "Cape Dutch" state, as the Dutch colonialists were
now British colonialists, and they could not call it a British state, for
obvious reasons. The answer then was to give a general term to all the White
inhabitants of the new union - "Afrikaners". Although the word originally
meant "African" it as politicized by a group of Western Cape Dutch
propagandists under one SJ du Toit in 1880 (the same year the Boers in the
Transvaal took up arms to fight the British colonialists) in literature of
the time. It was then decided to try and blend the Boers into the Cape Dutch
and British populations by calling them all Afrikaners instead of referring
to their real cultural bases.
This then is how the world began to hear of "Afrikaners" - although only 80
years ago there was no such word in the international vocabulary.
That the concept of an Afrikaner is all embracing is underlined by the fact
that in 1998 the former Afrikaner Broederbond (now called the Afrikaner
Bond) announced that it classified all those sharing a broad Afrikanerism to
be Afrikaners - to this end they acknowledged that many Cape Coloureds, who
speak Afrikaans and who attend a NG Church are Brown Afrikaners. In reailty
they are of course correct.
This illustrates the difference between Boers and Afrikaners in a very vivid
way: A Coloured will readily agree with the definition that he is an
Afrikaner, but will emphatically deny being a Boer. If Boers and Afrikaners
are the same thing, why the differentiation in the view of other groups?
By forcing the Boers into the Union of South Africa, the British made them
co-responsible for the policy of racial segregation, which had of course
been established and legislated by the British colonial government.
The new "Afrikaners" - in fact a coalition of Cape Dutch, British and some
Boers - tried as best they could to come to grips with the racial and
geographic legacy left to them from the British colonial times - and it was
from this disaster that the policy of Apartheid was developed.
It is of supreme importance to note here that the Boers were dragged
unwillingly into the Union of South Africa - and at the first opportunity
which presented itself they tried to extricate themselves by force of arms.
This was the unsuccessful 1914 Boer rebellion,
which ended when some Boer war era generals were killed or imprisoned by the
pro-British Union of South Africa government.
It is a little known fact that the manifesto which was issued by the 1914
Boer rebellion leaders contained as its primary demand the restoration of
the Boer republics and the dissolution of the Union of South Africa.
It is thus unfair of the international world to regard the "Boers" as having
been responsible for what happened in South Africa during the second part of
the 20th century - the Boers were just as much victims of the colonial
powers as were any other indigenous people of Africa.
Milner's words were true - by forcing the Boers into the Union of South
Africa, he was forcing them to be subjugated by the broad South African
British colony, and this has led directly to the situation the Boers find
themselves in today.
8. An Indigenous People
The Union of South Africa led directly to the attempt to extend and hold the
British originated policy of racial separation in South Africa - an attempt
which ended with the election of April 1994 and the coming to power of the
African National Congress in South Africa.
This change over of the reins of power does not however mean that the
underlying causes of the downfall of the Union of South Africa (later the
Republic of South Africa) have been removed. They are still there - namely
the reality that there are numerous different ethnic groupings in the
greater Southern Africa, all wrestling to establish their own territory and
space.
The Boer nation is one of these groups. The Boers have not disappeared - the
British Empire and their unitary state merely tried to define them out of
existence - in vain.
The existence of the Boer nation has nothing to do with racism or
apartheid - the Boers existed long before Apartheid, and continue to exist
after Apartheid, for that matter. The Boers are a well established
indigenous grouping who fought the first anti-colonial liberation wars in
Africa.
If the Boers were, as the world might like to view them, just "white
racists" then they would never have come into conflict with the White
colonialists!
The subjugation of the Boers does not however negate the fact that they are
a people all by themselves - they have their own unique history, their own
traditions, own festival days, political dispensation, political philosophy,
they had their own territory (state), own symbols, own flags, anthems and so
on - all developed in Africa.
This then is truly an indigenous people - in contrast to the Afrikaners and
British South Africans, who developed nothing new or original but remained
loyal to their colonial masters' emblems and traditions.
The Boers do not want a state or territory for the "Whites" of South Africa.
This is a falsehood which must be dispelled for once and for all. All the
Boers want is an own independent territory, just as they had before the
White colonialists took it away from them. Nothing more and nothing less
will do.
This has nothing to do with race or racism - merely the desire of an
indigenous people to be themselves and to rule themselves in their own
territory - a right, incidentally, enshrined in the United Nations charter.
9. Conclusion
In summation then, it can be clearly seen that there are differences between
the cultural groupings making up the White South African population.
It is important to note that the cultural differences are to a large extent
determined by the groups themselves, with no force or law creating these
divisions.
Many English speaking South Africans, for example, will never agree to being
defined as Boers, while equally some Afrikaans speaking Whites will never
agree to being defined as Boers. The multi-racial nature of the Afrikaner
grouping, as evidenced in the 1998 decision by the Afrikaner Bond (and
discussed above) is another differentiating characteristic.
Perhaps one of the clearest differences in the cultures of Boers, Afrikaners
and British South Africans is illustrated by the political divide. At the
time of the referendum over the republic of South Africa, the Transvaal and
Orange Free State voted overwhelmingly in favour of breaking ties with
Britain, while the Cape and Natal voted in favour of staying on as a British
vassal. Because of this division, it was only by the slimmest margin (51
percent) that the Republic was created. It was only the vote of the
inhabitants of the former Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free
State which clinched the Republic.
This north / south division continued to present times, with the north
always being known as more conservative than the south.
This does not mean that only the descendants of the original inhabitants of
the Boer Republics qualify as Boers. The concept of a Boer (as opposed to an
Afrikaner or a British South African) is a cultural concept and is as such
transferable.
Such assimilation must however be mutual - it is possible for anyone to
become a member of any of the groupings mentioned - providing they are
amenable to the notion, and providing the group they are assimilating into,
fully accept them as such.
In this way it is possible for Afrikaners to join the British group (Sir
Laurens van der Post being a prime example) and for British South Africans
to join the Boer grouping in the same way that many Irish or other European
nationalities have done.
The Boers then can ultimately be defined as a group with a common genetic
heritage (European) and a common cultural heritage, which has its roots in
the desire to be part of a new and independent nationhood.
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41615 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41474] |
Sa, 05 Mei 2001 16:36 |
davie davis[1]
Boodskappe: 696
Geregistreer: Maart 2001
Karma: 0
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Senior Lid |
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On Sat, 05 May 2001 12:23:49 -0400, Danielle wrote:
>
> 'n Boer is die ou wat altyd planne maak? Eish!! :-))
uh uh ek dink Frikkie sal sê dissie ou agter die roer.
DD
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41757 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41578] |
Ma, 07 Mei 2001 07:11 |
Lou
Boodskappe: 436
Geregistreer: Julie 2000
Karma: 0
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Ag Dawie moeniue jou asem mors nie - ou Frik se definisie van boer en
afrikaner verander saam met die weer.
Net so terloops - gehoor die Vrystaat klasifiseer nou mense as volg -
Blank, Kleurling en afrikaners - he he ... .
Davie Davis wrote:
>
> On Thu, 3 May 2001 22:32:44 +0200, "Frikkie Potgieter"
> wrote:
>
>> Indien jy dit nie eens weet nie is jy elk geval nie een nie.
>>
>> Groete
>>
>> Lou wrote in message
>> news:3AEFD87D.FCF01AF7@lous.zzn.com...
>>> Wou jou net help toe sien ek dus net vir Boere - wat is jou nuutste
>>> definisie van 'n Boer ou Frikkie?
>
> Frikkie, jy praat mos snert nou. Lou het nie gevra wat is 'n Boer nie
> - Lou het gevra wie sien jy as 'n Boer.
> As jy nie weet hoe om te antwoord nie, sê so - verskillende mense het
> verskillende opinies oor wie en wat 'n Boer is - wat is joune?
>
> DD
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| Re: Spookstorie [boodskap #41827 is 'n antwoord op boodskap #41757] |
Wo, 09 Mei 2001 18:04 |
Davie Davis
Boodskappe: 1013
Geregistreer: November 2001
Karma: 0
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Senior Lid |
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On Mon, 07 May 2001 09:11:24 +0200, Lou wrote:
> Ag Dawie moeniue jou asem mors nie - ou Frik se definisie van boer en
> afrikaner verander saam met die weer.
>
> Net so terloops - gehoor die Vrystaat klasifiseer nou mense as volg -
> Blank, Kleurling en afrikaners - he he ... .
>
Sal nogal interessant wees om Gloudina se klasifikasie van 'n Boer te
hoor, Lou.
Wat die Vrystaatse klasifikasie aanbetref, hoe anders sê jy african in
Afrikaans?
Dawie
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